The Accusative Case (Akuzativ) in Serbian
Accusative Case: Direct Object and Motion (4. padež – Akuzativ)
Answering Koga? (Whom?) and Šta? (What?), marking direct objects of transitive verbs and directional destination with prepositions u, na, za, kroz.
The *Accusative Case (Akuzativ / Četvrti padež) in Serbian answers the questions Koga? (Whom?) for animates and Šta? (What?)* for inanimates. It is the primary case of verbal transitivity and directional motion:
1. Primary Syntactic Functions: - Direct Object: The receiver of the transitive action (Gledam film, Čitam knjigu, Poznajem tvog brata). - *Directional Goal / Motion (Kuda? / Gde ideš?): Used with spatial prepositions u (into), na (onto), kroz (through), za (for/behind) when answering Where to? (Idem u školu, Stavi knjigu na sto*).
2. Key Morphological Endings: - Masculine Inanimate singular: Equals Nominative (Kupujem novi telefon). - Masculine Animate singular: Equals Genitive with ending -a (Vidim novog studenta). - Feminine singular: Ends in -u* (Čitam zanimljivu knjigu; consonant feminines like noć, stvar remain unchanged in Accusative). - Neuter singular: Equals Nominative (Gledam more / selo). - Plural Endings: Masculine takes -e (Vidim studente / gradove!); Feminine takes -e (knjige); Neuter takes -a (sela*).
Examples
Svakog jutra pijem toplu kafu i čitam zanimljive vesti na internetu.
Every morning I drink hot coffee and read interesting news on the internet.
Danas popodne idemo u pozorište da gledamo novu dramsku predstavu.
This afternoon we are going to the theater to watch a new dramatic play.
Sreli smo našeg starog profesora matematike u centru Beograda.
We met our old mathematics professor in the center of Belgrade.
Kupio sam novi crni kaput i lepe kožne cipele za zimu.
I bought a new black coat and nice leather shoes for the winter.
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