Demonstrative Pronouns (ten, ta, to) in Czech
Demonstrative Pronouns (ten, ta, to, ti, ty, ta)
Demonstratives (ten, ta, to; tento/tamten) decline across all seven cases, agreeing in gender and number with the noun they modify.
In Czech, *Demonstrative Pronouns (Ukazovací zájmena) indicate spatial, temporal, or discourse proximity, pointing out specific entities. The fundamental paradigm is based on ten (masculine), ta (feminine), and to* (neuter):
1. Proximity Variations: - Neutral / General: ten, ta, to (that / the one). - Proximal (Near speaker, 'this'): Suffix -to is appended → tento (masc.), tato (fem.), toto (neuter); Plural: tito/tyto/tato. - Distal (Far from speaker, 'that over there'): Prefix tam- is added → tamten, tamta, tamto.
2. Declension Paradigm of 'ten, ta, to' in Singular: - 1. pád (Nom.): ten (m.), ta (f.), to (n.) - 2. pád (Gen.): toho (m./n.), té (f.) - 3. pád (Dat.): tomu (m./n.), té (f.) - 4. pád (Acc.): toho (m. anim.) / ten (m. inanim.), tuto / tu (f.), to (n.) - 6. pád (Loc.): (o) tom (m./n.), (o) té (f.) - 7. pád (Ins.): tím (m./n.), tou (f.).
3. Plural Nominative Forms: - Masculine Animate: ti (ti dobří studenti) - Masculine Inanimate & Feminine: ty (ty nové stoly, ty krásné knihy) - Neuter: ta (ta velká města).
Examples
Tento moderní vědecký článek přináší velmi zajímavé výsledky výzkumu.
This modern scientific article brings very interesting research results.
S tímto novým kolegou spolupracujeme na mezinárodním projektu.
We are collaborating on an international project with this new colleague.
Ti zkušení architekti navrhli všechny budovy v této nové čtvrti.
Those experienced architects designed all the buildings in this new district.
O té historické události jsme četli včera večer v nové knize.
We read about that historical event yesterday evening in a new book.
Related terms
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